André Thevet
1516?-1592
Books:
Cosmographie
de Levant (1554)
Singularitez de la France antarctique(1557)
Cosmographie universelle (1575)
Les vrais pourtraits et vies des hommes illustres (1584)
André Thevet traveled extensively, but his writing went even further than he did. Few sixteenth-century writers covered more territory or wrote more ambitiously than Thevet. While serious doubt exists as to whether some of the writing published under his name was really his, Thevet remains an important figure in early geographical writing.
Born in Angoulême around 1516, Thevet became a Franciscan monk. His early education was apparently limited; we know little of his early life. His first excursion into the world occurred in about 1550, when he accompanied the Cardinal Jean de Lorraine on an excursion into Italy and the Mediterranean basin. Shortly thereafter, Thevet published his Cosmographie de Levant, a compendium of facts about the people, places, flora and fauna of the area.
Thevet's experience as a traveler attracted the attention of Nicolas Durand, Chevalier de Villegagnon, who was preparing to found a colony in what is today Brazil. He asked Thevet to accompany the expedition as its confessor. Thevet fell ill during the voyage and had to return to France after only ten weeks in Brazil. Using his own observations, however, combined with information gained from other travelers, Thevet quickly produced his Singularitez de la France Antarctique. It combined extensive description of the New World with scholarly comparisons with authors of classical antiquity. Questions arose about the authorship. Shortly after its publication, a scribe sued Thevet, saying that he-not Thevet--was actually responsible for the writing, particularly the erudite references. The settlement of the suit indicates that it had some basis.
After the publication of the Singularitez, Thevet received royal recognition and eventually became cosmographer of the Valois court. He began his most ambitious work, the Cosmographie universelle, which described and defined every part of the known world. Once again, a collaborator caused problems. François de Belleforest, who wrote in praise of Thevet in the Singularitez, apparently quarreled with Thevet and left his employ, publishing his own Cosmographie, a translation of Sebastian Munster's Cosmographia, in 1572.
Thevet claimed that much of Belleforest's new material was stolen. Certainly Belleforest stole Thevet's thunder, and the 1575 publication of Thevet's 2,000-page Cosomgraphie was not very successful. However, the work's anti-Protestant polemic did attract the attention of Huguenot Jean de Léry, who had traveled to Brazil after Thevet. In 1578, Léry published his version of events in Brazil, the Histoire d'un voyage fact en la terre du Bresil. His work criticized Thevet on numerous occasions.
Thevet's last published work, his Vrais pourtraits et vies des homes illustres, appeared in 1584. The collection of biographies of famous men (and three women) accompanied by portraits, played on the interest in biography evidenced by Jacques Amyot's translation of Plutarch's Lives. The work also signaled Thevet's continued interest in the religious conflicts of France, strongly supporting the Guise family's position and criticizing Protestants, notably Léry. The book failed commercially, perhaps because of Thevet's diminished reputation.
Thevet continued to write of travels real and imagined. He left behind two manuscripts at his death in 1592, the Grand Insulaire, an almanac of islands around the world, and the Histoire de deux voyages, a probably-exaggerated account of his travels that had him visiting the New World not once but twice.
While today Thevet is seen largely as a compiler and editor of experiences that belonged to others, his work on Brazil remains useful to those studying the first French encounters with the New World. His other works, with their extensive descriptions and lavish illustrations, give a broad picture of the historical and geographical knowledge of the sixteenth century.
Further Reading on André Thevet:--Elsa Conrad
Biography and bibliographical references provided by Elsa Conrad
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Thevet, André Les singularitez de la France Antarctique, autrement nommee Amerique, & de plusieurs terres & isles decouvertes de nostre temps: par F. Andr Thevet, natif d'Angoulesme A Anvers, De l'imprimerie
de Christophle Plantin a la licorne d'or, 1558. |
74r 75r 76r 74v 75v 76v
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Thevet, André Cosmographie de Levant, par F. André Thevet d'Angoulesme A Lyon, Par Ian
de Tournes et Guil. Gazeau, 1554. |
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